@article{Lezak2025,
  author  = {Stephen Lezak and Sharaban Tahura Zaman and Injy Johnstone and Barbara K. Haya},
  title   = {UNFCCC carbon trading could undermine global climate action},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume  = {16},
  pages   = {8--9},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41558-025-02517-5},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02517-5}
}

@article{GillWiehl2026,
author = {Annelise Gill-Wiehl and Marie Hogan and Barbara K. Haya},
title = {Quantifying the additionality of cookstove carbon projects},
journal = {Carbon Management},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {2618350},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
doi = {10.1080/17583004.2026.2618350}
}

@report{IEA_IRENA_UNSD_WorldBank_WHO_2025,
  author       = {{IEA} and {IRENA} and {UNSD} and {World Bank} and {WHO}},
  title        = {Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025},
  year         = {2025},
  institution  = {World Bank},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  url          = {https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/sites/default/files/download-documents/SDG7-Report2025-0804-V11.pdf},
  note         = {Accessed: 2026-05-09}
}

@article{berkouwerdeangreensubsidies, 
    author = "Susanna B. Berkouwer and Joshua T. Dean", 
    year = 2026, 
    title = "Green subsidies with demand distortions", 
    note = "Working paper"
}

@misc{burn_ecoa_char,
  author       = {{ECOA}},
  title        = {ECOA Char: The World's Leading Clean Cooking Charcoal Stove},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://www.burnstoves.com/products/ecoa-char},
  note         = {Accessed March 10, 2026}
}




@misc{epa_typical_vehicle_ghg,
  author       = {{U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}},
  title        = {Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle},
  year         = {2025},
  url          = {https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle},
  note         = {Last updated June 12, 2025; accessed March 10, 2026}
}

@article{berkouwerdean2025aejdata, 
    author = "Susanna B. Berkouwer and Joshua T. Dean", 
    year = 2025, 
    title = "Data and Code for: Cooking, health, and daily exposure to pollution spikes.", 
    journal = "American Economic Association [publisher]",
    note = "Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] ID 222341",
    doi = "TBD",
}

@misc{berkouwerdean2023aearegistry, 
    author = "Susanna B. Berkouwer and Joshua T. Dean", 
    year = 2023, 
    title = "Behavioral barriers to energy efficiency adoption in Kenya: evidence from cookstoves.", 
    journal = "AEA RCT Registry",
    howpublished = {\url{https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/2484/history/168336}},
}

@article{berkouwerdean2022aerdata, 
    author = "Susanna B. Berkouwer and Joshua T. Dean", 
    year = 2022, 
    title = "Data and Code for: Credit, attention,
and externalities in the adoption of energy efficient technologies by low-income households.", 
    journal = "American Economic Association [publisher]",
    note = "Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor] ID 166661",
    doi = {http://doi.org/10.3886/E166661V1.}
}





@techreport{EPA2023_SC_GHG,
  title        = {Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating Recent Scientific Advances},
  author       = {{U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}},
  institution  = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency},
  year         = {2023},
  month        = nov,
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {EPA Technical Report},
  url          = {https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-12/epa_scghg_2023_report_final.pdf},
  note         = {Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0317; Supplementary material accompanying final rulemaking for oil and gas sector climate review.},
}

@report{CPI2023,
  author       = {{Climate Policy Initiative}},
  title        = {Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023},
  year         = {2023},
  institution  = {Climate Policy Initiative},
  url          = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2023/},
  note         = {Accessed: 2025-08-08}
}



@article{Thompson2022,
  title = {The cook behind the stove},
  volume = {7},
  ISSN = {2058-7546},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01101-x},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41560-022-01101-x},
  number = {9},
  journal = {Nature Energy},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  author = {Thompson,  Lisa M.},
  year = {2022},
  month = aug,
  pages = {788--789}
}


@article{GillWiehl2023,
  title = {Evaluation of the preference for and viability of clean cookstove adoption in rural Tanzania},
  volume = {13},
  ISSN = {2192-0567},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13705-023-00422-3},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13705-023-00422-3},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Energy,  Sustainability and Society},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  author = {Gill-Wiehl,  Annelise and Sievers,  Sara and Katikiro,  Robert and Kammen,  Daniel M.},
  year = {2023},
  month = nov 
}

@article{gillingham2016,
author = {Gillingham, Kenneth and Rapson, David and Wagner, Gernot},
title = {The Rebound Effect and Energy Efficiency Policy},
journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {68-88},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1093/reep/rev017}}



@article{GillWiehl2022,
  title = {A pro-health cookstove strategy to advance energy,  social and ecological justice},
  volume = {7},
  ISSN = {2058-7546},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01126-2},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41560-022-01126-2},
  number = {11},
  journal = {Nature Energy},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  author = {Gill-Wiehl,  Annelise and Kammen,  Daniel M.},
  year = {2022},
  month = sep,
  pages = {999--1002}
}



























@techreport{EM2025SOVCM,
  title        = {{State of the Voluntary Carbon Market 2025: Meeting the Moment -- Renewing Trust in Carbon Finance}},
  author       = {{Ecosystem Marketplace}},
  shortauthor  = {{Ecosystem Marketplace}},
  year         = {2025},
  month        = may,
  institution  = {Forest Trends / Ecosystem Marketplace},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  note         = {Includes retrospective data for 2024, with key findings on market contraction, pricing, retirements, and integrity trends},
  url          = {https://3298623.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/.../Ecosystem%20Marketplace%20State%20of%20the%20Voluntary%20Carbon%20Market%202025.pdf}
}


@techreport{ESMAP2023CleanCookingFund,
  title        = {{Clean Cooking Fund}},
  author       = {{Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), World Bank}},
  shortauthor  = {{ESMAP}},
  year         = {2023},
  month        = may,
  institution  = {ESMAP, World Bank},
  note         = {Presentation on the ESMAP-hosted Clean Cooking Fund initiative},
  url          = {https://www.esmap.org/sites/default/files/2022/Presentations/ESMAP%20-%20Clean%20Cooking%20Fund%20.pdf}
}


@techreport{UgandaEnergyPolicy2023,
  title        = {{Energy Policy for Uganda 2023}},
  author       = {{Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Uganda}},
  shortauthor  = {{MEMD Uganda}},
  year         = {2023},
  month        = apr,
  institution  = {Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), Uganda},
  note         = {Cabinet-approved revised policy replacing the 2002 Energy Policy, aligned with Uganda's National Development Plan III and Vision 2040},
  url          = {https://nrep.ug/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Energy-Policy-for-Uganda-2023_Final-1.pdf}
}


@techreport{KenyaPower2024eCAP,
  title        = {{eCAP Synthesis Report: eCooking Capacity Building \& Market Development Programme}},
  author       = {{Kenya Power \& MECS / UK PACT (in partnership)}},
  shortauthor  = {{Kenya Power \& MECS}},
  year         = {2024},
  month        = jul,
  institution  = {Kenya Power / Pika na Power Campaign},
  note         = {Implemented with MECS (Modern Energy Cooking Services) and UK PACT; published 7 2024},
  url          = {https://pikanapower.kplc.co.ke/storage/01JM272BSVZ18N23ZC15ZZKPTN.pdf}
}


@article{kasy2021,
author = {Kasy, Maximilian and Sautmann, Anja},
title = {Adaptive Treatment Assignment in Experiments for Policy Choice},
journal = {Econometrica},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {113-132},
keywords = {Experimental design, field experiments, optimal policy, multi-armed bandits},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA17527},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.3982/ECTA17527},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3982/ECTA17527},
abstract = {Standard experimental designs are geared toward point estimation and hypothesis testing, while bandit algorithms are geared toward in-sample outcomes. Here, we instead consider treatment assignment in an experiment with several waves for choosing the best among a set of possible policies (treatments) at the end of the experiment. We propose a computationally tractable assignment algorithm that we call ``exploration sampling,'' where assignment probabilities in each wave are an increasing concave function of the posterior probabilities that each treatment is optimal. We prove an asymptotic optimality result for this algorithm and demonstrate improvements in welfare in calibrated simulations over both non-adaptive designs and bandit algorithms. An application to selecting between six different recruitment strategies for an agricultural extension service in India demonstrates practical feasibility.},
year = {2021}
}


@article{Muralidharan2017,
Author = {Muralidharan, Karthik and Niehaus, Paul},
Title = {Experimentation at Scale},
Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
Volume = {31},
Number = {4},
Year = {2017},
Month = {11},
Pages = {103--24},
DOI = {10.1257/jep.31.4.103},
URL = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.31.4.103}}

@book{glennerster2013running,
  title     = {Running Randomized Evaluations: A Practical Guide},
  author    = {Rachel Glennerster and Kudzai Takavarasha},
  year      = {2013},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  address   = {Princeton, NJ},
  isbn      = {9780691159270},
  url       = {https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691159270/running-randomized-evaluations}
}


@article{fowlie2021,
author = {Fowlie, Meredith and Meeks, Robyn},
title = {The Economics of Energy Efficiency in Developing Countries},
journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {238-260},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1086/715606}
}


@article{jack2013,
Author = {Jack, B. Kelsey},
Title = {Private Information and the Allocation of Land Use Subsidies in Malawi},
Journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Year = {2013},
Month = {7},
Pages = {113--35},
DOI = {10.1257/app.5.3.113},
URL = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.5.3.113}}

@article{fowliefans, 
    author = {Meredith Fowlie and 
Ranjit Deshmukh and
Jayendran Venkateswaran and
Abhilasha Chauhan and
Deepak Choudhary and
Sayli Shiradkar}, 
    year = 2022, 
    title = {{Evidence-based Cooling Strategies for a Warming World: Assessing Supply and Demand Conditions in India's Ceiling Fan Market}}, 
    note = {{Working paper}}
}

@article{Rom2023, 
    title = "Decreasing Emissions by Increasing Energy Access? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment on Off-Grid Solar Lights", 
    author = "Adina Rom and Isabel G{\"u}nther and Dina Pomeranz", 
    journal = "Working paper", 
    year = 2023
}

@article{Gandhi2016,
  title = {Running Randomized Field Experiments for Energy Efficiency Programs: A Practitioner's Guide},
  volume = {5},
  ISSN = {2160-5882},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.5.2.rgan},
  DOI = {10.5547/2160-5890.5.2.rgan},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Economics of Energy and Environmental Policy},
  publisher = {International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE)},
  author = {Gandhi,  Raina and Knittel,  Christopher R. and Pedro,  Paula and Wolfram,  Catherine},
  year = {2016},
  month = apr 
}


@article{buchner2024,
author = {Barbara Buchner },
title = {COP29's climate investment imperative},
journal = {Science},
volume = {386},
number = {6722},
pages = {601-601},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1126/science.adu3212}}

@article{chan2023,
title = {On consumer incentives for energy-efficient durables},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
volume = {119},
pages = {102813},
year = {2023},
issn = {0095-0696},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102813},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069623000311},
author = {Nathan W. Chan and Isla Globus-Harris},
}


@article{jones2023,
author = {Julia P. G. Jones  and Simon L. Lewis },
title = {Forest carbon offsets are failing},
journal = {Science},
volume = {381},
number = {6660},
pages = {830-831},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1126/science.adj6951}}

@article{pande2024a,
author = {Rohini Pande },
title = {Can the market in voluntary carbon credits help reduce global emissions in line with Paris Agreement targets?},
journal = {Science},
volume = {384},
number = {6696},
pages = {eadp5223},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1126/science.adp5223}}


@article{pande2024justice,
author = {Rohini Pande },
title = {Offsets, carbon markets, and climate and economic justice},
journal = {Science},
volume = {385},
number = {6714},
pages = {eads1902},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1126/science.ads1902}}

@article{west2023,
author = {Thales A. P. West  and Sven Wunder  and Erin O. Sills  and Jan B{\"o}rner  and Sami W. Rifai  and Alexandra N. Neidermeier  and Gabriel P. Frey  and Andreas Kontoleon },
title = {Action needed to make carbon offsets from forest conservation work for climate change mitigation},
journal = {Science},
volume = {381},
number = {6660},
pages = {873-877},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1126/science.ade3535}}



@article{Krishnapriya2021,
title = {Do improved cookstoves save time and improve gender outcomes? Evidence from six developing countries},
journal = {Energy Economics},
volume = {102},
pages = {105456},
year = {2021},
issn = {0140-9883},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105456},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988321003431},
author = {P.P. Krishnapriya and Maya Chandrasekaran and Marc Jeuland and Subhrendu K. Pattanayak},
keywords = {Women's empowerment, Energy poverty, Household energy access, Sub Saharan Africa, Asia}
}

@article{WHO2024,
	author = "{World Health Organization}",
	shortauthor = {{WHO}},
	year = 2024, 
        date = {2024-10-16},
	title = "Household air pollution fact sheet", 
        url = {{https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health}}
}



@misc{civillini,
 author  = {Matteo Civillini},
 date    = {2023-08-25},
 year   = {2023},
 title   = {Cooking the books: cookstove offsets produce millions of fake emission cuts},
 journal = {Climate Home News},
 url     = {https://www.climatechangenews.com/2023/08/25/cookstove-offsets-carbon-emissions-credits-india-enking/},
 urldate = {2025-03-18}
}

@misc{SEC_2024_CQuest,
  author       = {{U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}},
  title        = {In the Matter of CQC Impact Investors LLC (Administrative Proceeding File No. 3-22224)},
  year         = {2024},
  month        = oct,
  howpublished = {\url{https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11315-s}},
  note         = {SEC Release No. 33-11315; 34-101232, Administrative Proceeding File No. 3-22224, accessed May 10, 2026}
}

@article{Probst2024,
  title = {Systematic assessment of the achieved emission reductions of carbon crediting projects},
  volume = {15},
  ISSN = {2041-1723},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53645-z},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41467-024-53645-z},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  author = {Probst,  Benedict S. and Toetzke,  Malte and Kontoleon,  Andreas and D{\'i}az Anad{\'o}n,  Laura and Minx,  Jan C. and Haya,  Barbara K. and Schneider,  Lambert and Trotter,  Philipp A. and West,  Thales A. P. and Gill-Wiehl,  Annelise and Hoffmann,  Volker H.},
  year = {2024},
  month = nov 
}

@article{akerlof1970,
 ISSN = {00335533, 15314650},
 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1879431},
 abstract = {I. Introduction, 488.--II. The model with automobiles as an example, 489.--III. Examples and applications, 492.--IV. Counteracting institutions, 499.--V. Conclusion, 500.},
 author = {George A. Akerlof},
 journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
 number = {3},
 pages = {488--500},
 publisher = {Oxford University Press},
 title = {The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism},
 urldate = {2025-03-17},
 volume = {84},
 year = {1970}
}





% China
@techreport{Census2020China,
  title = "China Population Census Yearbook 2020",
  author = "{China National Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2020,
  url = "https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/pcsj/rkpc/7rp/zk/indexch.htm"
}

% Madagascar
@techreport{Census2022Madagascar,
  title = "Permanent Household Survey",
  author = "{Madagascar National Institute of Statistics}",
  year = 2022,
  notes = "For primary fuel percentages for cooking and lighting",
  url = "https://www.instat.mg/documents/upload/main/INSTAT_Epm21-22_06-2024.pdf"
}
@techreport{Census2023Madagascar,
  title = "Thematic Report on the Results of RGPH-3 - Demographic Projections",
  author = "{Madagascar National Institute of Statistics}",
  year = 2023,
  notes = "For total household counts by urban/rural",
  url = "https://www.instat.mg/documents/upload/main/INSTAT-RGPH3_Projectionsdemographiques.pdf"
}

% Tanzania 
@techreport{Census2022Tanzania,
  title = "Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile",
  author = "{Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2022,
  url = "https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/publication/02.%20Mainland_Demographic_and_Socioeconomic_Profile.pdf"
}

% Nigeria
@techreport{Census2024Nigeria,
  title = "General Household Survey - Panel Wave 5",
  author = "{Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2024,
  notes = "Statistics computed from microdata",
  url = "https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/1241588"
}

% Burkina Faso 
@techreport{Census2021BurkinaFaso,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Burkina Faso National Institute of Statistics and Demography and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2021,
  url = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR378/FR378.pdf"
}

% DRC
@techreport{Census2014DRC,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{DRC Ministry of Public Health, DRC Ministry of Planning and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Revolution of Modernity, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2021,
  url = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf"
}

% Ghana 
@techreport{Census2022Ghana,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Ghana Statistical Service and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2022,
  url = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR387/FR387.pdf"
}

% Philippines 
@techreport{Census2022Philippine,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Philippine Statistics Authority and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2022,
  url = "https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR146/PR146.pdf"
}

% Bangladesh 
@techreport{Census2023aBangladesh,
  title = "Report on Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey",
  author = "{Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2023,
  notes = "For primary fuel percentages for cooking and lighting",
  url = "http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/SEDS_2023_Report.pdf"
}
@techreport{Census2023bBangladesh,
  title = "Statistical Yearbook",
  author = "{Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2023,
  notes = "For total household counts by urban/rural",
  url = "http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/Stat_Yearbook-23.pdf"
}

% Uganda 
@techreport{Census2020Uganda,
  title = "National Household Survey",
  author = "{Uganda Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2020,
  url = "https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/09_2021Uganda-National-Survey-Report-2019-2020.pdf"
}

% Ethiopia 
@techreport{Census2019Ethiopia,
  title = "Mini Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2019,
  url = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR363/FR363.pdf"
}

% Mozambique 
@techreport{Census2023Mozambique,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Mozambique National Institute of Statistics and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2023,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR389/FR389.pdf"
}

% Kenya
@techreport{Census2022Kenya,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Kenya Ministry of Health, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2022,
  note = "\emph{https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR380/FR380.pdf}", 
URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR380/FR380bis.pdf"
}
%   note = "Volume 2 provides primary fuel percentages for cooking and lighting; Volume 1 provides total household counts by urban/rural and is available separately at https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR380/FR380.pdf",
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR380/FR380bis.pdf"

% Zambia 
@techreport{Census2018Zambia,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Zambia Statistics Agency, Zambia Ministry of Health, University Teaching Hospital Virology Laboratory, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2018,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR361/FR361.pdf"
}

% Myanmar 
@techreport{Census2017Myanmar,
  title = "Living Conditions Survey",
  author = "{Myanmar Ministry of Planning and Finance}",
  year = 2017, 
  URL = "https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/mm/mlcs-2017-socio-economic-report.pdf"
}
%note = "Report 04 provides primary fuel percentages for cooking and lighting; Report 01 provides total household counts by urban/rural and is available separately at https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/739461530021973802/pdf/Myanmar-Living-Conditions-Survey-2017-Key-Indicators-Report.pdf",

% India 
@techreport{Census2024India,
  title = "Survey on Household Consumption Expenditure",
  author = "{India National Statistics Office}",
  year = 2024,
  note = "Microdata available at https://microdata.gov.in/nada43/index.php/catalog/226",
  URL = "https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Final_Report_HCES_2023-24L.pdf"
}
% The PDF only contains total household counts by urban/rural. Primary fuel percentages for cooking and lighting are computed from

% Angola
@techreport{Census2016Angola,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Angola Instituto Nacional de Estat{\'i}stica, Angola Minist{\'e}rio da Sa{\'u}de, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2016,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR327/FR327.pdf"
}

% Malawi
@techreport{Census2020Malawi,
  title = "Fifth Integrated Household Survey",
  author = "{Malawi National Statistical Office}",
  year = 2020,
  note = "Statistics computed from microdata available at https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3818/study-description",
  URL = "https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3818/study-description"
}

% Mali
@techreport{Census2021Mali,
  title = "Malaria Indicator Survey",
  author = "{Mali Institut National de la Statistique, Mali Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2021,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/MIS39/MIS39.pdf"
}

% Sierra Leone
@techreport{Census2019SierraLeone,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Statistics Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2019,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR365/FR365.pdf"
}

% Ivory Coast
@techreport{Census2021IvoryCoast,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{C{\^o}te d'Ivoire Institut National de la Statistique, C{\^o}te d'Ivoire Minist{\`e}re de la Sant{\'e}, de l'Hygi{\`e}ne Publique et de la Couverture Maladie Universelle, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2021,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR384/FR384.pdf"
}

% Cameroon
@techreport{Census2022Cameroon,
  title = "Malaria Indicator Survey",
  author = "{Cameroon Institut National de la Statistique, Cameroon Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2022,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/MIS41/MIS41.pdf"
}

% Senegal
@techreport{Census2023Senegal,
  title = "Demographic and Health Survey",
  author = "{Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la D{\'e}mographie du S{\'e}n{\'e}gal and the DHS Program}",
  year = 2023,
  URL = "https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR393/FR393.pdf"
}

% Chad
@techreport{Census2019Chad,
  title = "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey",
  author = "{Chad Institut National de la Statistique, des {\'E}tudes {\'E}conomiques et D{\'e}mographiques and UNICEF}",
  year = 2019,
  URL = "https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/West%20and%20Central%20Africa/Chad/2019/Survey%20findings/Chad%202019%20MICS%20Survey%20Findings%20Report_French.pdf"
}

% Pakistan
@techreport{Census2020Pakistan,
  title = "Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey",
  author = "{Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}",
  year = 2020,
  URL = "https://www.pbs.gov.pk/publication/pakistan-social-and-living-standards-measurement-survey-pslm-2019-20-district-level-survey"
}





@article{whitman2011,
  title={Systematic under-and overestimation of GHG reductions in renewable biomass systems: A Letter},
  author={Whitman, Thea L and Lehmann, C Johannes},
  journal={Climatic Change},
  volume={104},
  number={2},
  pages={415--422},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@book{imbens2015causal,
  title={Causal inference for statistics, social, and biomedical sciences},
  author={Imbens, Guido W and Rubin, Donald B},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Cambridge university press}
}

@article{angrist1994,
    title = "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects",
    author = "Guido Imbens and Joshua Angrist",
    journal = "Econometrica",
    volume = 62,
    number = 2,
    year = {1994},
    pages = {467--475}
}
@article{Floess2023,
  title = {Scaling up gas and electric cooking in low- and middle-income countries: climate threat or mitigation strategy with co-benefits?},
  volume = {18},
  ISSN = {1748-9326},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acb501},
  DOI = {10.1088/1748-9326/acb501},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  publisher = {IOP Publishing},
  author = {Floess,  Emily and Grieshop,  Andrew and Puzzolo,  Elisa and Pope,  Dan and Leach,  Nicholas and Smith,  Christopher J and Gill-Wiehl,  Annelise and Landesman,  Katherine and Bailis,  Rob},
  year = {2023},
  month = feb,
  pages = {034010}
}

@article{muehlegger2023, 
    author = {Muehlegger, Erich J. and Rapson, David S.},
    title = {Correcting Estimates of Electric Vehicle Emissions Abatement: Implications for Climate Policy},
    journal = {Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists},
    volume = {10},
    number = {1},
    pages = {263-282},
    year = {2023},
    doi = {10.1086/721374},
    URL = { https://doi.org/10.1086/721374}
}

@techreport{IEA2024, 
    title = "World Energy Outlook 2024" , 
    author = "{International Energy Agency}", 
    year = 2024, 
    url = "https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024"
}

@techreport{svcm2024,
    author = {{Ecosystem Marketplace}},
    year = 2024, 
    title = {{State of the Voluntary Carbon Market}}
}

@techreport{unfccc2024,
    author = {{United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}},
    shortauthor = {{UNFCCC}},
    year = 2024, 
    title = {{UNFCCC Standing Committee on Finance: Second report on progress towards achieving the goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation}}, 
    url = {{https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UNFCCC_100bn_Report_Web_FINAL.pdf}}
}





@techreport{bailis2024, 
    author =  {Adrian Ghilardi and Rob Bailis},   
    title = {{Updated fNRB Values for Woodfuel Interventions}}, 
    year = 2024, 
    url = {{https://cdm.unfccc.int/Sunset_CMS_ControlledSlots/public_inputs/sunsetcms/storage/contents/stored-file-20240624161613578/Report_on_Updated_fNRB_Values_20%20June%202024.pdf}}
}

@techreport{cdm2023,
    author = {{United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}},
    shortauthor = {{UNFCCC}},
    year = 2023, 
    title = "Information note: Development of default values for fraction of non-renewable biomass", 
    number = "CDM-MP92-A07 ", 
    url = {{https://cdm.unfccc.int/sunsetcms/storage/contents/stored-file-20231012184345703/MP92_EA07_Information%20Note_fNRB%20values_collated.pdf}}
}









@article{GillWiehl2024,
  title = {Pervasive over-crediting from cookstove offset methodologies},
  volume = {7},
  ISSN = {2398-9629},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01259-6},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41893-023-01259-6},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Nature Sustainability},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  author = {Gill-Wiehl,  Annelise and Kammen,  Daniel M. and Haya,  Barbara K.},
  year = {2024},
  month = jan,
  pages = {191--202}
}



@techreport{mvpfclimate, 
 title = "A Welfare Analysis of Policies Impacting Climate Change",
 author = "Hahn, Robert W and Hendren, Nathaniel and Metcalfe, Robert D and Sprung-Keyser, Ben",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "32728",
 year = "2024",
 month = "7",
 doi = {10.3386/w32728},
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w32728"
}






}























@article{Allcott2015Taubinsky, 
	author = "Hunt Allcott and Dmitry Taubinsky", 
	title = "Evaluating Behaviorally Motivated Policy: Experimental Evidence from the Lightbulb Market", 
	year = 2015, 
	journal = "American Economic Review", 
	volume = 105, 
	number = 8, 
	pages = "2501-2538"}









 }














@article{BDM, 
	author = "Gordon M. Becker and Morris H. DeGroot and Jacob Marschak", 
	year = 1964, 
	title = "Measuring utility by a single-response sequential method", 
	journal = "Behavioral Science", 
	volume = 9, 
	number = 3, 
	pages = "226-232" }






@article{Berkouwer2022, 
    Author = {Berkouwer, Susanna B. and Dean, Joshua T.},
    Title = {Credit, Attention, and Externalities in the Adoption of Energy Efficient Technologies by Low-Income Households},
    Journal = {American Economic Review},
    Volume = {112},
    Number = {10},
    Year = {2022},
    Month = {10},
    Pages = {3291--3330},
    DOI = {10.1257/aer.20210766},
    URL = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210766}
}

@article{Berkouwer2025, 
    author = "Susanna B. Berkouwer and Joshua T. Dean", 
    year = 2026, 
    title = "Cooking, health, and daily exposure to pollution spikes", 
    journal = "American Economic Journal: Economic Policy", 
    note = "Forthcoming"
}


















































































 
	
@article{Fowlie2018,
	author = "Meredith Fowlie and Michael Greenstone and Catherine Wolfram",
	year = 2018, 
	title = "Do Energy Efficiency Investments Deliver? Evidence from the Weatherization Assistance Program",
	journal = "Quarterly Journal of Economics", 
	volume = 133, 
	number = 3, 
	pages = "1597-1644" }












 








@article{Hanna2016, 
	author = "Rema  Hanna and Esther Duflo and Michael Greenstone", 
	title = "Up in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves", 
	journal = "American Economic Journal: Economic Policy", 
	year = 2016, 
	volume = 8, 
	number = 1,
	pages = "80-114"}






@article{Hendren2019,
	author = {Hendren, Nathaniel and Sprung-Keyser, Ben},
    	title = "{A Unified Welfare Analysis of Government Policies*}",
    	journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
    	volume = {135},
    	number = {3},
    	pages = {1209-1318},
    	year = {2020},
    	abstract = "{We conduct a comparative welfare analysis of 133 historical policy changes over the past half-century in the United States, focusing on policies in social insurance, education and job training, taxes and cash transfers, and in-kind transfers. For each policy, we use existing causal estimates to calculate the benefit that each policy provides its recipients (measured as their willingness to pay) and the policy's net cost, inclusive of long-term effects on the government's budget. We divide the willingness to pay by the net cost to the government to form each policy's Marginal Value of Public Funds, or its ``MVPF''. Comparing MVPFs across policies provides a unified method of assessing their effect on social welfare. Our results suggest that direct investments in low-income children's health and education have historically had the highest MVPFs, on average exceeding 5. Many such policies have paid for themselves as the government recouped the cost of their initial expenditures through additional taxes collected and reduced transfers. We find large MVPFs for education and health policies among children of all ages, rather than observing diminishing marginal returns throughout childhood. We find smaller MVPFs for policies targeting adults, generally between 0.5 and 2. Expenditures on adults have exceeded this MVPF range in particular if they induced large spillovers on children. We relate our estimates to existing theories of optimal government policy, and we discuss how the MVPF provides lessons for the design of future research.}",
    	issn = {0033-5533},
    	doi = {10.1093/qje/qjaa006},
    	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa006},
    	eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/135/3/1209/33427738/qjaa006.pdf},
}
 


 	







@article{Ito2017, 
	Author = {Ito, Koichiro and Ida, Takanori and Tanaka, Makoto},
Title = {Moral Suasion and Economic Incentives: Field Experimental Evidence from Energy Demand},
Journal = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Year = {2018},
Month = {2},
Pages = {240--67},
DOI = {10.1257/pol.20160093},
URL = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20160093}}






























 

@article{Mobarak2012,
	author = {Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq and Dwivedi, Puneet and Bailis, Robert and Hildemann, Lynn and Miller, Grant},
	title = {Low demand for nontraditional cookstove technologies},
	volume = {109},
	number = {27},
	pages = {10815--10820},
	year = {2012},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1115571109},
	publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
	abstract = {Biomass combustion with traditional cookstoves causes substantial environmental and health harm. Nontraditional cookstove technologies can be efficacious in reducing this adverse impact, but they are adopted and used at puzzlingly low rates. This study analyzes the determinants of low demand for nontraditional cookstoves in rural Bangladesh by using both stated preference (from a nationally representative survey of rural women) and revealed preference (assessed by conducting a cluster-randomized trial of cookstove prices) approaches. We find consistent evidence across both analyses suggesting that the women in rural Bangladesh do not perceive indoor air pollution as a significant health hazard, prioritize other basic developmental needs over nontraditional cookstoves, and overwhelmingly rely on a free traditional cookstove technology and are therefore not willing to pay much for a new nontraditional cookstove. Efforts to improve health and abate environmental harm by promoting nontraditional cookstoves may be more successful by designing and disseminating nontraditional cookstoves with features valued more highly by users, such as reduction of operating costs, even when those features are not directly related to the cookstoves{\textquoteright} health and environmental impacts.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	URL = {https://www.pnas.org/content/109/27/10815},
	eprint = {https://www.pnas.org/content/109/27/10815.full.pdf},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}
}





    




@article{Pattanayak2019, 
	author = "S. K. Pattanayak and M. Jeuland and J. J. Lewis and F. Usmani and N. Brooks and V. Bhojvaid and A. Kar and L. Lipinski and L. Morrison and O. Patange and N. Ramanathan and I. H. Rehman and R. Thadani and M. Vora and V. Ramanathan", 
	title = "Experimental evidence on promotion of electric and improved biomass cookstoves", 
	year = 2019, 
	journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America",
	volume = 116,
	number = 27,
	pages = "13282-13287"}





















































































































@article{jayachandran2017,
    author = {Seema Jayachandran  and Joost de Laat  and Eric F. Lambin  and Charlotte Y. Stanton  and Robin Audy  and Nancy E. Thomas },
    title = {Cash for carbon: A randomized trial of payments for ecosystem services to reduce deforestation},
    journal = {Science},
    volume = {357},
    number = {6348},
    pages = {267-273},
    year = {2017},
    doi = {10.1126/science.aan0568},
    URL = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aan0568},
    eprint = {https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.aan0568},
    abstract = {Trees take up a lot of CO2, so one approach to reducing the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 levels is to reduce the cutting down of trees. Jayachandran et al. evaluated a program in which forest owners in Uganda were paid to not cut down their trees. Encouragingly, payments did reduce deforestation, and owners did not compensate by cutting down trees in neighboring forests. Furthermore, even in a scenario where cutting resumed after payments ceased, the beneficial delay in CO2 release from cut trees, as quantified by the social cost of carbon, outweighed the monetary cost. Science, this issue p. 267 Satellite-based observation of Ugandan forests documents the effectiveness of paying owners to not cut down their trees. We evaluated a program of payments for ecosystem services in Uganda that offered forest-owning households annual payments of 70,000 Ugandan shillings per hectare if they conserved their forest. The program was implemented as a randomized controlled trial in 121 villages, 60 of which received the program for 2 years. The primary outcome was the change in land area covered by trees, measured by classifying high-resolution satellite imagery. We found that tree cover declined by 4.2\% during the study period in treatment villages, compared to 9.1\% in control villages. We found no evidence that enrollees shifted their deforestation to nearby land. We valued the delayed carbon dioxide emissions and found that this program benefit is 2.4 times as large as the program costs.}
}

















